List of Abbreviations
Abbreviations are expanded on first use in each chapter; this list collects them for reference. It will grow as chapters are drafted.
| Abbreviation | Expansion |
|---|---|
| AAV | Adeno-associated virus (gene-therapy vector) |
| AMPK | AMP-activated protein kinase |
| BCI | Brain–computer interface |
| CAR | Chimeric antigen receptor (T-cell therapy) |
| CI | Confidence interval |
| CR / DR | Caloric restriction / dietary restriction |
| D+Q | Dasatinib plus quercetin (senolytic combination) |
| DBS | Deep brain stimulation |
| DALY | Disability-adjusted life-year |
| DSB | Double-strand break (in DNA) |
| EMT | Epithelial–mesenchymal transition |
| EndMT | Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition |
| EV | Extracellular vesicle |
| GBD | Global Burden of Disease (study) |
| HALE | Healthy life expectancy |
| HGPS | Hutchinson–Gilford progeria syndrome |
| ICE | Inducible changes to the epigenome (mouse system) |
| IGF-1 | Insulin-like growth factor 1 |
| IPF | Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis |
| iPSC | Induced pluripotent stem cell |
| IRB | Institutional Review Board (research-ethics committee) |
| ISSCR | International Society for Stem Cell Research |
| IVG | In vitro gametogenesis |
| JAK | Janus kinase |
| LMIC / HIC | Low- and middle-income / high-income country |
| LTC | Long-term care |
| MCI | Mild cognitive impairment |
| MD | Mesenchymal drift |
| MPTR | Maturation-phase transient reprogramming |
| MRDT | Mortality-rate doubling time |
| mTOR | Mechanistic target of rapamycin |
| NAD+ | Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (oxidised form) |
| NASEM | National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (US) |
| NBIC | Nano-, bio-, info- and cognitive (converging technologies) |
| NCD | Non-communicable disease |
| NMN | Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NAD⁺ precursor) |
| NR | Nicotinamide riboside (NAD⁺ precursor) |
| NT-proBNP | N-terminal pro–B-type natriuretic peptide |
| OADR | Old-age dependency ratio |
| OR | Odds ratio |
| OSK / OSKM | Oct4, Sox2, Klf4 (+ c-Myc) — the Yamanaka factors |
| OSK | Oct4, Sox2, Klf4 (the c-Myc-free factor set) |
| OOP | Out-of-pocket (health) payments |
| PAD | Peripheral artery disease |
| PASH | Population Ageing financial Sustainability gap for Health systems (simulator, WHO / European Observatory) |
| PB | Principle of Procreative Beneficence (Savulescu & Kahane) |
| RCT | Randomised controlled trial |
| ROS | Reactive oxygen species |
| RTI | Respiratory tract infection |
| SASP | Senescence-associated secretory phenotype |
| SCAP | Senescent-cell anti-apoptotic pathway |
| SCBEM | Stem-cell-based embryo model |
| TAME | Targeting Aging with Metformin (trial) |
| tDCS | Transcranial direct current stimulation |
| TFR | Total fertility rate |
| UHC | Universal health coverage |
| VSL | Value of statistical life |
| WHO | World Health Organization |
| WPP | World Population Prospects (UN) |
| YLD | Years lived with disability |
| YLL | Years of life lost |